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SIFT: Evaluating Sources Online: Move 2: Investigate the Source

SIFT is a quick and simple approach that can be applied to all sorts of sources, from scholarly articles to social media posts to memes, that will help you judge the quality of the information you're looking at.

Move 2: INVESTIGATE THE SOURCE

This is the move where you answer the questions you asked in Move 1: Stop:

  • What IS this source, exactly? Is it a news article, a blog post, a government report, etc.?
  • Who wrote or created this source? 
  • Who published this source?
  • What is the purpose in publishing this source? To inform? To entertain? To make you feel feelings?

Don't worry about doing extensive research into your sources-- this is a quick check of the expertise and agenda of a source's creators, and it should only take around 1-2 minutes. 

And yet, spending even a few seconds learning about the expertise and agenda of the source of your information will help you greatly when it comes time to decide whether to use it or not!

Questions to Ask Yourself: Move 2

These are the questions you should ask yourself when you "just add Wikipedia" to learn about your source.

  1. Is the site or organization I am researching what I thought it was?
  2. If not, does it make it more or less trustworthy?

If you thought a certain source looked trustworthy, like an objective news site, and it turned out to be a place that promoted conspiracy theories, you should be surprised. And then, as a result, you should trust the information from that source less. 

If you didn't really know what you were looking at, and you discover that it turns out to be a notable newspaper that's been around for decades, you will probably see the information as more trustworthy.

That said, always consider the topic that you're researching as well, and how these different organizations might be positioned differently to cover it. For instance, if the main events around a given subject are happening in New York City, you probably wouldn't consider a small-town newspaper in Ohio as the source that can best cover that story-- you'd want a source in New York City. However, the Ohio paper might be just the place to find the most reliable information about how COVID-19 is affecting rural Ohio communities, no matter how many awards a New York City source might have.

How to INVESTIGATE THE SOURCE (lateral reading)

This video shows you how to investigate your sources using lateral reading. The next video is located in the Trace Claims, Quotes, and Media Back to Their Original Context page of this guide.

But Should I Trust Wikipedia?

"Don't use Wikipedia as a source" is a mantra we've probably all heard at one time or another. And it's not entirely bad advice: Wikipedia--like all online sources-- should be approached carefully, particularly when the subject is something controversial or very recent. 

That said, Wikipedia can be one of the best places to go to learn about a consensus viewpoint on a topic. A consensus viewpoint is a perspective that most people who know about a subject will agree upon. 

Wikipedia has strict rules about where its community can source its facts, and it holds its authors to a neutral point of view. Therefore, Wikipedia often provides the best introduction that you'll find online to most subjects.

One of the best things about Wikipedia is its insistence that all major claims are accurately sourced. You can almost always find a footnote connected to a Wikipedia claim that will point you to that original source-- which you can then find and then potentially use as a source in your own research! 

See these tips for researching with Wikipedia.

Below is a video from the Stanford Civic Online Reasoning Project discussing how to use Wikipedia wisely when researching:

Attribution

Note: This SIFT method guide was adapted from Michael Caulfield's "Check, Please!" course. The canonical version of this course exists at http://lessons.checkplease.cc. The text and media of this site, where possible, is released into the CC-BY, and free for reuse and revision.